登录：
If it’s your first time in a chemistry lab, perhaps your mental picture of lab-work involves a ‘mad scientist’ working with dangerous chemicals, setting things on fire, and blowing stuff up.
While this is unlikely to be a realistic image of your first experiment (at least we hope not!), it is true that the lab has the potential to be a dangerous place.
Working in the lab is a bit like driving a car. Driving on the motorway at high speed would be deadly if you ignored the basic rules, for example by driving the wrong way or speeding through red lights. But respecting the simple rules keeps drivers safe. Similarly, there is nothing to fear in the lab as long as the basic safety rules are followed.
Read on for some simple tips on how to minimize the risks before you enter the lab, and how to react if a dangerous situation does break out. Then,test your skills in our Chemistry Safety simulation并尝试危险的化学物质而不会使自己处于危险之中。
这是基本的化学安全规则：
What to wear
- Long hair should always be tied back
- No sandals. Your feet should be covered.
- 适当的时候戴手套
- Wear safety goggles
- 穿实验室外套。进入实验室之前，请穿上实验室外套，完全扣上扣子，以保护您免受讨厌的化学物质的侵害。请记住，当您离开时将其取下，以防止其他区域污染。
Know what you’re working with
检查与您合作的任何化学物质的瓶子GHS危险符号。Hazard symbols are a globally recognized way of classifying and labeling chemicals, with 8 pictograms that enable you to quickly identify any dangerous properties of what you’re working with:
| Flammable. If you see this, you know the chemical ignites easily. You should therefore keep the chemical away from oxidizing substances (see below), flames or sparks. |
|
| 氧化。 These substances are known to cause oxidation reactions. They should be stored separately to flammable chemicals, because even though they don’t burn themselves, they can speed up the development of a fire and make it more intense. |
|
| Corrosive。 These chemicals can wear away materials like skin or clothing, and potentially cause burns. All the more reason to wear a lab coat and eye protection! Be sure to wash these chemicals off your skin instantly if you spill. |
|
| 急性毒性。 如果化学物质有毒，请避免将其放在皮肤上，并在烟雾柜上注意（请参阅下一节，以获取有关烟雾橱柜的更多信息）。 |
|
| 有害。 Chemicals with this symbol aren’t necessarily poisonous, but they can still cause harm to your body. |
|
| Explosive. 爆炸性化学物质中储存了能量，这意味着如果无法正确处理，它们可能会爆炸。对爆炸性化学物质进行未经授权的实验是非法的。 |
|
| Compressed gas. Compressed gases should be handled with caution to prevent them blasting. You should for example not heat them. |
|
| 健康危害。 Exposure to this chemical could damage your health. For example, it might be carcinogenic. |
Another system for communicating the hazards of chemicals is theFire Diamond，您可以在我们的lab safetyblog post.
If you want more information about what a chemical might do to the world, what it’s made of, and how to handle it, you can look up its材料安全数据表。Your lab should have a collection of these, or you can find them on the manufacturers website.
学习如何使用烟雾罩
烟雾罩是一个包含的通风工作长凳，其中包含空气中的化学药品，并通过排气风扇将其除去。
- 确保它是打开的。这是需要maintain the air flow that protects you.
- 将试剂放在长凳的后部。如果它们离正面太近，则有害蒸气很可能会流出。
- Never put your head inside the fume hood.
- 保持玻璃盖。与您面前的一块玻璃一起工作可能会感到不自然，但是必须保持气流并防止烟雾逃脱。封面还可以保护您免受潜在爆炸侵害。
Know how to dispose of your chemicals
Chemicals which are organic (this means they contain carbon) cannot just be flushed down the sink. They need to be collected in separate waste containers and burned.
Where you should dispose of your organic solvents depends on whether or not they are halogenated (contain halogen atoms like bromine, chlorine or iodine):
- Halogenated solvent waste.Halogenated waste needs to undergo expensive treatment which involves burning it at high temperatures to prevent it forming toxic substances.
- Non-halogenated solvent waste.Non-halogenated waste can be burned at lower temperatures and reused, hence it is much cheaper to process it. Pouring even small amounts of the halogenated waste into the non-halogenated waste bin is wasteful as the whole bottle will need to be disposed of as halogenated waste.
快速思考！了解如何应对危险情况
Despite our best efforts to prevent them, accidents happen. All it takes is a momentary lapse of attention. It’s natural to panic, but if you’ve thought through what to do beforehand you have a much better chance of responding well.
这是应对这4种不同类型的事故的方法。
1. A minor injury
- Thefirst aid kit用于轻伤，例如切割。
2。一场小火
- 尝试窒息它。例如，如果是烧瓶，请用盖子盖住它。
3。An out of control fire
- Only if you are trained should you attempt to use afire extinguisher打火。如有疑问，请出去。
- Ensure the safety of everyone around.
- Raise the火警
- Press thecircuit breaker因此，实验室中的所有机器都将被关闭。
- Evacuate through theemergency exits。这些确保没有人可以在火灾中被困，因此应始终保持清晰。疏散计划应放置在出口附近。
- 火毯can be used to protect yourself.
4。A person catches fire
- Encourage them to stop, drop and roll to extinguish their clothes.
- If there’s asafety showernearby use that to extinguish the fire.
- Don’t ever wrap a fire blanket around them as this can create a ‘chimney effect’ and burn their face.
您知道在哪里可以在实验室中以粗体找到每个安全设备的位置？
Practice your good lab safety technique in ourChemistry safetysimulation as you通过创建藻类油的可持续生物柴油来帮助抵抗气候变化。通过使用虚拟实验室，您可以犯错误并在其真正计算之前向它们学习，从而使您充满信心地进入实验室！
